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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...
Environmental Influences on Intelligence01:29

Environmental Influences on Intelligence

Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children from...
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
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Socioemotional Development during Infancy01:30

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
Stella Chess...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
09:36

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Published on: February 2, 2017

Associations between obesity and developmental functioning in pre-school children: a population-based study.

J M Mond1, H Stich, P J Hay

  • 1School of Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. jonathan.mond@jcu.edu.au

International Journal of Obesity (2005)
|May 2, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Obesity is linked to developmental impairments in preschoolers. Obese boys showed more gross motor skill issues, while obese girls had more attention difficulties, suggesting gender-specific effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric developmental psychology
  • Childhood obesity research
  • Public health and epidemiology

Background:

  • Childhood obesity is a growing public health concern.
  • Developmental functioning in early childhood is crucial for long-term outcomes.
  • Understanding the interplay between obesity and development is vital for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between obesity and developmental functioning in preschool children.
  • To identify potential gender-specific associations between obesity and developmental impairments.

Main Methods:

  • A large-scale study involving 9415 preschool children (aged 4.4-8.6 years) from Germany.
  • Standardized medical examinations and developmental assessments across motor, speech, cognitive, and psychosocial domains.
  • Statistical analysis controlling for age, gender, and other covariates.

Main Results:

  • Obesity prevalence was higher in girls (4.3%) than boys (2.4%).
  • Obese boys had a higher prevalence of gross motor skill impairment (adjusted OR=1.76).
  • Obese girls showed a higher prevalence of attention impairment (adjusted OR=1.86).

Conclusions:

  • Gender-specific associations exist between childhood obesity and specific developmental impairments.
  • Obesity may impact gross motor skills in boys and attention abilities in girls.
  • Early identification and intervention for obesity-related developmental issues are important.