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Related Concept Videos

Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation01:31

Translation

Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are called the...

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Related Experiment Videos

Translating and validating a Training Needs Assessment tool into Greek.

Adelais Markaki1, Nikos Antonakis, Carolyn M Hicks

  • 1Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Dept. of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece. adamarkaki@yahoo.com

BMC Health Services Research
|May 4, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The Training Needs Assessment (TNA) questionnaire was translated and culturally adapted into Greek for primary care nurses. The Greek TNA demonstrates good validity and reliability, making it suitable for assessing professional development needs.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Nursing Education
  • Primary Health Care

Background:

  • Effective human resource management in primary care requires culturally adapted, validated assessment tools.
  • The Training Needs Assessment (TNA) is a validated instrument for measuring professional development needs among healthcare professionals.
  • This study details the translation, adaptation, and validation of the TNA into Greek for use in primary care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To translate and culturally adapt the Training Needs Assessment (TNA) questionnaire into the Greek language.
  • To validate the Greek version of the TNA for use in primary care settings.
  • To assess the suitability of the Greek TNA for evaluating the professional development needs of nursing staff.

Main Methods:

  • A modified 30-item English TNA questionnaire was used, following international translation and adaptation guidelines (forward-backward translation, reconciliation, pretesting).
  • Psychometric properties were evaluated using Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency and the kappa coefficient for test-retest reliability.
  • Criterion validity was assessed by correlating research experience with item scores, and exploratory factor analysis was performed.

Main Results:

  • The Greek TNA demonstrated very good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.985) and excellent reproducibility (Kappa coefficient = 0.928).
  • Significant positive correlations indicated good criterion validity for tested research-related items.
  • Factor analysis identified seven factors, with a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of 0.680, suggesting adequate sampling adequacy.

Conclusions:

  • The Greek version of the TNA is a valid and reliable instrument comparable to the original English version.
  • The translated and adapted Greek TNA is suitable for assessing the professional development needs of nursing staff in Greek primary care.
  • This validated tool can support human resource management and professional development initiatives in Greek primary care settings.