Caffey's disease: an unusual cause for concern

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Radiology
• Neonatal Medicine
• Skeletal Dysplasias

Background:

• Caffey's disease, also known as infantile cortical hyperostosis, is a rare condition.
• It typically manifests in infants with irritability, bone pain, soft tissue swelling, and fever.
• Early recognition is crucial for appropriate management and to differentiate from other pediatric conditions.

Observation:

• An 8-week-old infant presented with focal tibial tenderness and pyrexia.
• Initial laboratory work-up yielded inconclusive results.
• Clinical suspicion prompted further investigation to rule out non-accidental injury.

Findings:

• A skeletal survey revealed characteristic cortical thickening in the mandible and tibia.
• These radiological findings confirmed the diagnosis of Caffey's disease.
• The diagnostic process highlighted the importance of comprehensive imaging.

Implications:

• Caffey's disease diagnosis relies heavily on radiographic evidence, particularly plain X-rays.
• The condition underscores the need for a broad differential diagnosis in infants presenting with bone pain.
• Increased immigration necessitates consideration of diverse etiologies in emergency room evaluations.