Fingerprint analysis and synthetic adulterant search in Hedera helix formulations by capillary electrophoresis

A high-performance capillary electrophoretic (CE) method has been developed for obtaining electropherograms of various extracts and the commercial formulation (fingerprints) of Hedera helix L used in Argentina as a cough's treatment. Also, a capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method was developed for the search, identification and determination of some possible adulterants. These likely adulterants are common synthetic drugs used in respiratory diseases (antitussive, decongestant and bronchodilator agents). Under optimum conditions, the analytes (ephedrine, codeine, diphenhydramine and constituents of H. helix formulations) were separated within less than 10 min in 20 mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 9.0). The present procedure was validated with respect to selectivity, linearity range, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), precision (repeatability and intermediate precision), solution stability and accuracy; the results obtained were satisfactory. Good linearity was obtained over two orders of magnitude and detection limits (S/N = 3) were better than 1.2 microg ml(-1) for all analytes. The CE methodology was successfully applied to the search and subsequent determination of ephedrine, codeine and diphenhydramine in H. helix extracts and its phytopharmaceutical products.