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Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Pioneering Patient-Specific Approaches for Precision Surgery Using Imaging and Virtual Reality
Published on: April 5, 2024
Informed patient choice: patient-centered valuing of surgical risks and benefits
James N Weinstein1, Kate Clay, Tamara S Morgan
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA. james.n.weinstein@dartmouth.edu
Abstract:
The risks and benefits of any health care intervention are valued differently by stakeholders. One of the ethical imperatives of patient-centered care is the balanced, evidence-based presentation of risks and benefits by providers to patients. Using the example of musculoskeletal surgery with devices, we advocate the use of shared decision-making tools and processes known to improve knowledge, adjust unrealistic expectations, and elicit values about benefits desired and the degree of acceptable risks for individual patients. We describe feasibility and efficacy within our organization and address ways to foster the further adoption of this approach.
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