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Published on: February 7, 2025
Unusual penetrating cranio-cerebral injuries in children from mains plugs
Arul Kanagarajan1, Spyros Sgouros
1Department of Neurosurgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK.
Insights
Domestic accidents can cause severe head injuries in children. This study highlights rare cases of penetrating skull fractures from electric mains plugs, emphasizing the need for awareness in childhood trauma cases.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Neurosurgery
- Trauma Surgery
- Child Safety
Background:
- Domestic accidents are a common cause of pediatric head injuries.
- Penetrating skull injuries in children are infrequent but can result from unusual objects.
Observation:
- Two young boys sustained penetrating wounds and compound depressed skull fractures after falling onto electric mains plugs.
- Radiographs and CT scans revealed complete skull perforation and brain parenchyma involvement in both cases.
Findings:
- Surgical removal of the plugs and repair of skull fractures were performed successfully.
- Despite the severity, neither child experienced loss of consciousness or developed epilepsy.
Implications:
- This uncommon injury mechanism involving electric mains plugs requires heightened awareness among caregivers and medical professionals.
- Hidden intracranial injuries can be present even with seemingly minor scalp wounds, necessitating thorough evaluation in pediatric head trauma.
Introduction:
Domestic accidents resulting in head injury are not uncommon. They mostly involve falls from high beds, tables or window seals. Rarely, children suffer penetrating skull injuries, often from unlikely objects.
Materials:
We present two children, 2.5- and 1.5-year-old boys, respectively, who suffered penetrating wounds and compound depressed skull fractures when they fell from moderate height and landed on nearby electric mains plugs, which were driven into their heads. None of them lost consciousness or developed epilepsy. The first patient was brought with one plug pin firmly driven into the skull in the right frontal region. Parents had disassembled and removed the rest of the plug. The second patient was brought in with the whole plug attached and one pin embedded in the left parietal region. On plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scan, there was complete skull perforation, a compound depressed skull fracture, and the plug pin was embedded in the brain parenchyma in both patients. In the second patient, the injury site was near the motor cortex. In both cases, the plug was surgically removed, and the skull fracture was repaired.
Discussion:
This type of injury from the protruding ends of mains plugs is uncommon and has to be borne in mind by parents, carers and any person dealing with childhood trauma because the plug could be removed at home and the child brought to the Emergency Department with only a small wound in the scalp, hiding a potentially serious underlying brain injury.
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