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Infant developmental milestones and subsequent cognitive function.

Graham K Murray1, Peter B Jones, Diana Kuh

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. gm285@cam.ac.uk

Annals of Neurology
|May 10, 2007
PubMed
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Early achievement of infant developmental milestones is linked to better long-term intellectual function. This association, though small, suggests developmental timing impacts cognitive abilities throughout life.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive science

Background:

  • Developmental delay is linked to learning disabilities.
  • The relationship between infant milestone attainment and later intellectual function in the general population is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the age of reaching infant developmental milestones and subsequent intellectual performance.
  • To test the hypothesis that earlier milestone attainment correlates with better intellectual function across the ability spectrum.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the National Survey of Health and Development (UK, 1946 birth cohort).
  • Collected developmental data at age 2 years for 5,362 children.
  • Analyzed intellectual function and educational attainment at ages 8, 26, and 53 years using regression analyses.

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Main Results:

  • Earlier attainment of developmental milestones was associated with higher intellectual performance at ages 8, 26, and 53.
  • Each month earlier a child stood independently correlated with a 0.5-point increase in IQ at age 8.
  • Speech development showed a small but significant effect on educational attainment, while motor development did not.

Conclusions:

  • A small but significant association exists between later development and poorer subsequent intellectual function.
  • This relationship may be linked to suboptimal cortical-subcortical connectivity.
  • Early developmental timing has implications for cognitive development across the lifespan.