Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Disposable Dosators for Pulmonary Insufflation of Therapeutic Agents to Small Animals
Published on: March 30, 2017
Design of fine particles for pulmonary drug delivery
Jeffry G Weers1, Thomas E Tarara, Andrew R Clark
1Nektar Therapeutics, 150 Industrial Road, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA. jweers@ca.nektar.com
Abstract:
Particle design for inhalation is characterized by advances in particle processing methods and the utilization of new excipients. Processing methods such as spray drying allow control over critical particle design features, such as particle size and distribution, surface energy, surface rugosity, particle density, surface area, porosity and microviscosity. Control of these features has enabled new classes of therapeutics to be delivered by inhalation. These include therapeutics that have a narrow therapeutic index, require a high delivered dose, and/or elicit their action systemically. Engineered particles are also being utilized for immune modulation, with exciting advances being made in the delivery of antibodies and inhaled vaccines. Continued advances are expected to result in 'smart' therapeutics capable of active targeting and intracellular trafficking.
Related Concept Videos
Inhaled Medications
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area
Biopharmaceutical Factors Influencing Drug Product Design: Overview
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Influencing Factors
Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

