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Xenotransfusions, past and present.

Françoise A Roux1, Pierre Saï, Jack-Yves Deschamps

  • 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Immuno-Endocrinology, INRA, Nantes School of Veterinary Medicine, Nantes Cedex, France.

Xenotransplantation
|May 11, 2007
PubMed
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Xenotransfusion, using animal blood, has a long history from the 17th century. Modern research focuses on pig blood, overcoming genetic hurdles but facing cellular rejection challenges.

Area of Science:

  • Medical History
  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Xenotransfusion, the transfusion of animal blood into humans, was first attempted in the 17th century but was later abandoned.
  • Historical attempts at xenotransfusion faced challenges and were ultimately discontinued after the discovery of human blood groups.

Observation:

  • Despite historical setbacks, xenotransfusion is being reconsidered due to advancements in xenotransplantation and the ongoing need for blood supply.
  • Pigs are identified as the most suitable animal donors for xenotransfusion.
  • Genetic modification, specifically the development of alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout pigs, has addressed initial barriers to xenotransfusion.

Findings:

  • The primary obstacle to successful porcine red blood cell transfusion is the cellular immune response.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Macrophages and natural killer cells are key components of the cellular response that hinders xenotransfusion.

    • Implications:

    • Overcoming cellular rejection is crucial for the future viability of xenotransfusion.
    • Further research into modulating immune responses is necessary to enable the clinical application of xenotransfusion.
    • Xenotransfusion holds potential as a solution to blood supply shortages if immunological challenges can be resolved.