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Updated: Jul 15, 2026
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Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models
Published on: December 3, 2019
Anesthesia in HIV-infected children.
Ruenreong Leelanukrom1, Chitsanu Pancharoen
1Department of Anesthesiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. leelanukrom@hotmail.com
Paediatric Anaesthesia
|May 15, 2007
Summary
Millions of children live with HIV/AIDS, with vertical transmission being common. Advances in treatment improve survival, necessitating specialized anesthesia care and pain management for pediatric HIV patients.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric infectious diseases
- Immunology
- Anesthesiology
Background:
- In 2005, 2.3 million children under 15 had HIV/AIDS, with 570,000 deaths.
- Maternal-infant (vertical) transmission is the primary route of pediatric HIV infection.
- Diagnosis in infants relies on virologic assays due to maternal antibodies; serology suffices for those over 18 months.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the anesthetic considerations for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children.
- To highlight the impact of improved survival on the need for anesthesia and pain management.
- To outline key factors for anesthesiologists managing pediatric HIV patients.
Main Methods:
- Review of current understanding of pediatric HIV infection.
- Discussion of advancements in antiretroviral therapy and their impact.
- Consideration of clinical challenges in anesthesia for HIV-infected children.
Main Results:
- Highly active antiretroviral therapy has significantly reduced disease progression and morbidity.
- Improved survival in HIV-infected children necessitates specialized anesthesia and pain management.
- Anesthesiologists must consider multi-organ system involvement, drug interactions, and infection control.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric HIV care has evolved, with improved outcomes due to medical advancements.
- Anesthesia management requires a comprehensive approach, addressing potential complications and patient vulnerabilities.
- Maintaining patient confidentiality is paramount when providing care to HIV-infected children.
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