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Related Experiment Videos

Adaptive decision making and value in the anterior cingulate cortex.

Mark E Walton1, Paula L Croxson, Timothy E J Behrens

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK. mark.walton@psy.ox.ac.uk

Neuroimage
|May 15, 2007
PubMed
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The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) evaluates outcomes of voluntarily chosen actions, not just errors. This brain region is crucial for sustained adaptive behavior by integrating past choices and outcomes for decision-making.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Decision Making

Background:

  • Adaptive behavior requires choosing appropriate responses in uncertain environments.
  • The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is frequently activated across tasks, prompting debate about its precise role in performance guidance and control.
  • Understanding the ACC's function in naturalistic settings with variable outcomes is key.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the ACC in decision-making within dynamic and uncertain environments.
  • To differentiate the ACC's function from other brain regions, such as the orbitofrontal cortex, in response to chosen versus instructed actions.
  • To elucidate the ACC's contribution to sustained adaptive behavior through integration of choice history and outcomes.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Neuroimaging (fMRI) study of response switching behavior.
  • Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to analyze anatomical connectivity.
  • Lesion studies in non-human primates (monkeys) to assess behavioral deficits.

    • Main Results:

    • Dorsal ACC activation correlates with evaluating outcomes of voluntarily chosen actions, not solely error detection or self-generated responses.
    • A distinct region of the orbitofrontal cortex shows greater activity when processing consequences of experimenter-instructed actions.
    • Monkey ACC lesions impaired sustained adaptive behavior due to difficulties integrating choice-outcome histories, but not immediate error correction.

    Conclusions:

    • The ACC plays a significant role in evaluating the dynamic value of actions based on their outcomes.
    • The ACC is a critical component of a distributed neural network supporting adaptive decision-making.
    • A functional dissociation exists between the ACC and orbitofrontal cortex in processing chosen versus instructed action consequences.