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Related Concept Videos

Entropy02:39

Entropy

Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
Entropy01:18

Entropy

The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation  between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:26

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Consider an isolated system in which a hot object is placed in contact with a cold one. This is an irreversible process that eventually leads both objects to reach the same equilibrium temperature. It is crucial to note that the constituents of any substance exhibit increased disorder at higher temperatures. As a cold substance absorbs heat, its constituents become more disordered. The energy transfer from a hotter object to a cooler one increases the system's disorder or randomness. This...
Absolute Entropies and the Third Law of Thermodynamics01:23

Absolute Entropies and the Third Law of Thermodynamics

Ludwig Edward Boltzmann developed a definition for entropy, which stated that absolute entropy is proportional to the natural logarithm of the number of possible combinations of particles. Entropy stands alone among state functions as the only one whose absolute values can be determined.Consider a gas sample confined to a container. As the container expands, the energy levels of gas molecules become more closely spaced. This increases the number of available energy states, thereby increasing...
The Second Law of Thermodynamics01:14

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Scientists refer to the measure of randomness or disorder within a system as entropy. High entropy means high disorder and low energy. To better understand entropy, think of a student’s bedroom. If no energy or work were put into it, the room would quickly become messy. It would exist in a very disordered state, one of high entropy. Energy must be put...

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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
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Quantum entropy dynamics for chaotic systems beyond the classical limit.

Arnaldo Gammal1, Arjendu K Pattanayak

  • 1Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05315-970 Caixa Postal 66318, São Paulo, Brazil.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|May 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Entropy production in open quantum systems transitions from classical to quantum behavior. This transition, observed in the Duffing problem, scales with the ratio of Planck

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Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
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Area of Science:

  • Quantum dynamics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Chaos theory

Background:

  • Entropy production in open quantum systems near classical chaos is theoretically independent of Planck's constant (h) and environmental coupling (D).
  • Previous studies focused on the near-classical regime, suggesting entropy production equals generalized Lyapunov exponents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate how entropy production dynamics change in a specific system (Duffing oscillator) under varying h and D.
  • Explore the transition from classical to quantum behavior in entropy production.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the Duffing problem, a model system for chaos.
  • Systematic variation of Planck's constant (h) and environmental coupling (D).
  • Examination of entropy production rate and its scaling properties.

Main Results:

  • Entropy production exhibits a transition from classical to quantum behavior as h and D are varied.
  • This transition demonstrates a finite-time scaling dependence on the ratio h²/D.
  • Results extend beyond the previously studied near-classical regime.

Conclusions:

  • The entropy production rate in open quantum systems is not universally independent of h and D.
  • A clear transition from classical to quantum dynamics in entropy production is identified.
  • The scaling of this transition provides a new perspective on quantum-classical correspondence in chaotic systems.