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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...

Sound Waves: Interference

Sound Waves: Interference

Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...

$Interference and Diffraction$ 02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
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Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences

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Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and refractory oxide ion...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Published on: February 4, 2017

Destructive interference during high harmonic generation in mixed gases.

Tsuneto Kanai¹, Eiji J Takahashi, Yasuo Nabekawa

¹Laser Technology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. tkanai@riken.jp

Physical Review Letters

|May 16, 2007

Summary

Scientists observed destructive and constructive interference in high harmonic generation using a helium (He) and neon (Ne) gas mixture. This breakthrough enables coherent control and novel attosecond electron dynamics measurements.

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Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

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Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

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Published on: March 22, 2019

Area of Science:

Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
Quantum Optics
Nonlinear Optics

Background:

High harmonic generation (HHG) is a key process for producing extreme ultraviolet and X-ray light.
Controlling HHG in mixed gases offers potential for tailored light generation.
Understanding interference phenomena is crucial for advancing HHG.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally demonstrate and theoretically model interference in HHG using a He-Ne gas mixture.
To achieve coherent control over HHG through gas mixture manipulation.
To develop a novel method for measuring harmonic phases and observing attosecond electron dynamics.

Main Methods:

Experimental setup involving HHG in a mixed He-Ne gas environment.
Development of an analytical model to simulate HHG in mixed gases.
Analysis of interference modulation patterns in the generated high harmonic spectra.

Main Results:

First experimental evidence of destructive and constructive interference in HHG from mixed He-Ne gas.
Successful reproduction of experimental results using the developed analytical model.
Identification of phase differences in chirped harmonic pulses as the cause of interference.

Conclusions:

Coherent control of HHG is achievable by utilizing interference in mixed gases.
The observed interference provides a novel technique for broadband harmonic phase measurement.
This method allows for the observation of underlying attosecond electron dynamics with high precision.