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Related Concept Videos

Blood Typing01:10

Blood Typing

Understanding an individual's blood group is a critical component of transfusion medicine. It ensures compatibility in blood transfusions, organ transplants, and even during pregnancy. Determining these blood groups involves the ABO and Rh blood typing systems, utilizing specific antigens and corresponding anti-sera to identify an individual's blood type.
Antigens are protein molecules that reside on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). The ABO and Rh blood typing systems target antigens A,...
Blood Flow01:29

Blood Flow

Blood is pumped by the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and then into increasingly smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The velocity of blood flow decreases with increased cross-sectional blood vessel area. As blood returns to the heart through venules and veins, its velocity increases. The movement of blood is encouraged by smooth muscle in the vessel walls, the movement of skeletal muscle surrounding the vessels, and one-way valves that prevent backflow.
Blood Types02:20

Blood Types

Human blood is classified into different types based on the presence of antigens on the red blood cell's surface and antibodies in the plasma. Proper identification of blood type is essential for successful blood transfusion. The International Society of Blood Transfusion has identified 38 human blood types based on the surface antigens on the red blood cells. The most common types are ABO, Rh, and MNS blood types.
ABO blood group
ABO antigens are glycoproteins encoded by genes present on...
Blood Transfusion01:15

Blood Transfusion

Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
Blood Transfusion Overview
A blood transfusion is a medical procedure used to replace blood lost due to injury, surgery, or to treat conditions such as anemia or cancer. During a transfusion, donor blood is...
The Blood-brain Barrier00:49

The Blood-brain Barrier

Overview
Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Preparation and Pathogen Inactivation of Double Dose Buffy Coat Platelet Products using the INTERCEPT Blood System
12:40

Preparation and Pathogen Inactivation of Double Dose Buffy Coat Platelet Products using the INTERCEPT Blood System

Published on: December 7, 2012

The Swedish Blood Pass project.

B Berglund1, B Ekblom, E Ekblom

  • 1Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. bo.berglund@karolinska.se

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
|May 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary

A "Blood Pass" system can detect illegal performance enhancement in athletes. Hematological values in elite athletes remain stable, forming a physiological basis for this anti-doping system.

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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Preparation and Pathogen Inactivation of Double Dose Buffy Coat Platelet Products using the INTERCEPT Blood System
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Published on: December 7, 2012

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Anti-Doping
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Athletes manipulate oxygen-carrying capacity for enhanced performance.
  • Detecting these illegal methods is crucial for fair competition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a "Blood Pass" system for detecting blood manipulation.
  • To assess the stability of hematological values in elite athletes over time.

Main Methods:

  • Collected venous blood samples from 47 elite athletes across four time points.
  • Measured hematological values and calculated ON(hes) and OFF(hre) values.
  • Collected data via questionnaire on training and lifestyle factors.

Main Results:

  • Individual hematological values showed some variation.
  • Median hematological values, including ON(hes) and OFF(hre), remained stable within 95% confidence limits.
  • No significant gender differences were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Median hematological factors are stable over time in elite athletes.
  • There is a physiological basis for an individual-based "Blood Pass" system.
  • This system can help identify potential hemoglobin and red cell mass manipulation.