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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO
10:35

Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO

Published on: February 12, 2013

The NASA Spitzer Space Telescope.

R D Gehrz1, T L Roellig, M W Werner

  • 1Department of Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, 116 Church Street, S.E., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA. gehrz@astro.umn.edu

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|May 17, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The Spitzer Space Telescope, a powerful infrared observatory, is revolutionizing our understanding of the universe's origins, galaxy evolution, and star and planet formation. Its advanced sensitivity offers unprecedented insights into cosmic phenomena.

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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO
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Area of Science:

  • Astronomy and Astrophysics
  • Cosmology
  • Planetary Science

Background:

  • The Spitzer Space Telescope (formerly Space Infrared Telescope Facility) is the fourth Great Observatory.
  • It significantly advances infrared astronomy with sensitivity three orders of magnitude greater than previous observatories.

Observation:

  • Spitzer observes the universe in infrared wavelengths.
  • Its mission objectives include studying the early universe, galaxy evolution, star and planet formation, and chemical evolution.

Findings:

  • Spitzer's high sensitivity enables detailed observations of cosmic phenomena.
  • Early operations have yielded significant science highlights, contributing to a revolutionized understanding of the universe.

Implications:

  • Spitzer is expected to transform our comprehension of cosmic origins and evolution.
  • It provides crucial data for understanding the formation of stars, planets, and galaxies.