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Related Concept Videos

FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization02:07

FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization

Fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH, was developed in the early 1980s and has quickly become one of the most widely used techniques in cytogenetics. Labeled probes are used to bind complementary DNA or RNA sequences on a chromosome or in a region within a cell. Earlier, the probes could only be obtained by cloning or reverse transcription of a DNA template. Currently, the probe oligonucleotides can be synthesized synthetically. Additionally, with the advancement of optical techniques,...

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FISH and chips: chromosomal analysis on microfluidic platforms.

V J Sieben1, C S Debes Marun, P M Pilarski

  • 1University of Alberta, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, CanadaCross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Canada.

IET Nanobiotechnology
|May 18, 2007
PubMed
Summary

A new microchip-based fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) method offers a faster, cheaper, and more efficient way to detect cancer-related chromosomal abnormalities in patients. This advancement promises improved cancer diagnostics and patient care.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Genomics
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) is a sensitive diagnostic tool for detecting genomic alterations on a cell-by-cell basis.
  • Current FISH protocols are limited by high cost, technical complexity, and time-consuming procedures, hindering widespread clinical adoption.
  • The absence of cost-effective diagnostic methods for many cancers negatively impacts patient quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a novel microchip-based FISH protocol for enhanced cancer diagnostics.
  • To improve the throughput and reduce reagent consumption compared to traditional slide-based FISH methods.
  • To investigate on-chip methods for improving hybridisation efficiency in cell-based FISH assays.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a microchip-based FISH protocol incorporating a novel method for immobilising peripheral blood mononuclear cells in microfluidic channels.
  • Implementation of on-chip FISH for detecting chromosomal abnormalities associated with multiple myeloma.
  • Evaluation of mechanical and electrokinetic pumping techniques to enhance on-chip hybridisation.

Main Results:

  • The microchip-based FISH achieved a ten-fold higher throughput and used 1/10th the reagents compared to the traditional slide-based method.
  • The on-chip FISH test was completed within hours, significantly reducing the time from days required for conventional protocols.
  • On-chip hybridisation enhancement methods (mechanical and electrokinetic pumping) showed moderate benefits in this cell-based application.

Conclusions:

  • Microchip-based FISH offers a significant advancement over traditional methods for detecting chromosomal abnormalities.
  • This technology has the potential to make cancer screening more sophisticated, cost-effective, and accessible in clinical settings.
  • Further optimization of on-chip hybridisation techniques could further enhance the utility of this promising diagnostic platform.