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Published on: January 7, 2020
Aromatherapy in childbirth: a pilot randomised controlled trial
1School of Health and Social Care, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK. eburns@brookes.ac.uk
Objectives:
We aimed to determine the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial (RCT) on the use of aromatherapy during labour as a care option that could improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Design:
RCT comparing aromatherapy with standard care during labour.
Setting:
District general maternity unit in Italy.
Sample:
Two hundred and fifty-one women randomised to aromatherapy and 262 controls.
Methods:
Participants randomly assigned to administration of selected essential oils during labour by midwives specifically trained in their use and modes of application.
Main Outcome Measures:
Intrapartum outcomes were the following: operative delivery, spontaneous delivery, first- and second-stage augmentation, pharmacological pain relief, artificial rupture of membranes, vaginal examinations, episiotomy, labour length, neonatal wellbeing (Apgar scores) and transfer to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Results:
There were no significant differences for the following outcomes: caesarean section (relative risk [RR] 0.99, 95% CI: 0.70-1.41), ventouse (RR 1.5, 95% CI: 0.31-7.62), Kristeller manoeuvre (RR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.64-1.48), spontaneous vaginal delivery (RR 0.99, 95% CI: 0.75-1.3), first-stage augmentation (RR 1.01, 95% CI: 0.83-1.4) and second-stage augmentation (RR 1.18, 95% CI: 0.82-1.7). Significantly more babies born to control participants were transferred to NICU, 0 versus 6 (2%), P = 0.017. Pain perception was reduced in aromatherapy group for nulliparae. The study, however, was underpowered.
Conclusion:
This study demonstrated that it is possible to undertake an RCT using aromatherapy as an intervention to examine a range of intrapartum outcomes, and it provides useful information for future sample size calculations.