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Examination of state-level changes in the pharmacist labor market using Census data.
Surrey M Walton1, Katherine K Knapp, Laura Miller
1Department of Pharmacy Administration, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. walton@uic.edu
Summary
The U.S. pharmacist labor market saw increased pharmacist-to-population ratios and wages from 1990-2000, but supply and wage changes varied significantly by state, indicating an inconsistent impact of pharmacist shortages.
Area of Science:
- Health Economics
- Labor Market Analysis
- Pharmaceutical Workforce Studies
Background:
- The U.S. pharmacist labor market has experienced shifts in supply and demand.
- Understanding geographic variations in pharmacist supply and compensation is crucial for workforce planning.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze long-term trends in the U.S. pharmacist labor market.
- To examine state-level changes in pharmacist counts, wages, and migration patterns.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study utilizing 1990 and 2000 U.S. Census data.
- Analysis of pharmacist migration and pharmacy school graduate data.
- Examination of pharmacist counts, wages, and migration across states.
Main Results:
- The national ratio of pharmacists per 100,000 population rose from 70 to 76 between 1990 and 2000.
- Pharmacist wages increased by 17% ($26.58 to $33.80/hour), outpacing non-pharmacist college graduates (9%).
- Significant state-level variations in pharmacist supply and wage changes were observed, with 13 states showing declining ratios.
Conclusions:
- Substantial interstate disparities exist in the number of pharmacists per capita.
- The impact of pharmacist shortages on the labor market was not uniform across all states.
- Observed variations in supply are not easily explained or converging, highlighting regional labor market dynamics.
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