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Spherical rotary piston machine as an artificial heart.

S L Wipf1

  • 1DESY, Hamburg, Germany.

ASAIO Transactions
|July 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

A novel six-piston rotary pump offers a compact artificial heart solution. This innovative design minimizes moving parts and ensures efficient blood flow, potentially advancing cardiac replacement therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Devices

Background:

  • Artificial heart development requires compact, efficient, and biocompatible designs.
  • Existing artificial hearts face challenges with size, complexity, and hemocompatibility.
  • The need for a simplified, high-performance artificial heart pump persists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel positive displacement pump design for artificial heart applications.
  • To evaluate the design's compactness, efficiency, and hemocompatibility.
  • To demonstrate the potential of a rotary piston pump as a viable cardiac assist device.

Main Methods:

  • A six-piston rotary positive displacement pump was designed and conceptually evaluated.
  • The pump integrates functions of ventricles, valves, and intraventricular septum within a compact spherical volume.
  • Analysis focused on the number of moving parts, power requirements, flow rate, and blood-contacting surface shear stress.

Main Results:

  • The pump achieved a high flow rate (10 L/min) at 120 pulses/min within a compact 4 1/4 inch diameter.
  • Only six pistons and four gears constituted the moving parts, simplifying the design.
  • No stagnant regions were identified, and shear stress on blood-contacting surfaces remained below 300 Pa.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed six-piston rotary pump demonstrates a compact and potentially hemocompatible design for an artificial heart.
  • Its simplified mechanism and efficient operation offer a promising alternative for cardiac replacement.
  • Further research and development are warranted to validate its performance in vivo.

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