Diffusion-weighted MRI in the body: applications and challenges in oncology

Area of Science:

• Radiology and Medical Imaging
• Biophysics

Background:

• Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) relies on the random motion of water molecules within tissues to generate image contrast.
• Understanding the fundamental principles of DWI is crucial for accurate image interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline the basic principles of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for radiologists.
• To discuss the technical aspects and emerging applications of DWI in body imaging, particularly for cancer detection and characterization.
• To highlight challenges and advancements in the clinical adoption of DWI for oncologic imaging.

Main Methods:

• Qualitative and quantitative interpretation of diffusion-weighted images.
• Technical considerations for performing DWI in various body parts.
• Review of emerging applications in tumor detection, characterization, and treatment response assessment.

Main Results:

• DWI provides image contrast based on water molecule diffusion, reflecting cellular-level changes.
• The technique allows for rapid imaging without exogenous contrast agents.
• Emerging applications demonstrate DWI's utility in evaluating tumors in the abdomen, pelvis, and potentially the whole body.

Conclusions:

• DWI offers unique insights into tumor cellularity and cell membrane integrity.
• It is a valuable tool for qualitative and quantitative tumor assessment.
• Advancements are expanding the role of DWI in cancer imaging, including whole-body applications.