Influence of pyrene combination state in soils on its treatment efficiency by Fenton oxidation

Interactions of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) with soil organic matter (SOM) determine their combination state in soils, and therefore strongly influence their mobility, bioavailability, and chemical reactivity. Contact time (aging) of an HOC in soil also strongly influences its combination state and environmental fate. We studied Fenton oxidation of pyrene in three different soils to reveal the influences of SOM, contact time, and combination state on the efficiency of vigorous chemical reactions. Pyrene degradation efficiency depended strongly on the dose of oxidant (H(2)O(2)) and catalyst (Fe(2+)); the greatest degradation was achieved at an oxidant to catalyst molar ratio of 10:1. Pyrene degradation differed among the three soils, ranging from 65.4% to 88.9%. Pyrene degradation efficiency decreased with increasing SOM content, and the aromatic carbon content in SOM was the key parameter. We hypothesize that pyrene molecules that combine with the compact net structure of aromatic SOM are less accessible to Fenton oxidation. Furthermore, pyrene degradation efficiency decreased considerably after aged for 30 days, but further aging to 60 and 180 days did not significantly change degradation efficiency. The Fenton oxidation efficiency of pyrene in both unaged and aged soils was greater than the corresponding desorption rate during the same period, perhaps because Fenton reaction can make pyrene more accessible to the oxidant through the enhancement of HOCs' desorption by generating reductant species or by destroying SOM through oxidation.