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Cognitive functioning in children with and without Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder with and without comorbid
1Faculty of Education, University of Tartu, Estonia. jakobson@mk.ee
Children with ADHD-combined subtype show cognitive and motor skill deficits. Comorbid learning disabilities worsen these impairments, though motor skills are less affected in combined ADHD/C+LD cases.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Child Psychiatry
Background:
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder.
- The combined subtype (ADHD/C) is characterized by both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms.
- Comorbid learning disabilities (LD) frequently co-occur with ADHD, potentially impacting cognitive and motor development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate cognitive functioning and motor skills in children with ADHD-combined subtype.
- To examine the specific impact of comorbid learning disabilities on these domains.
- To assess the diagnostic accuracy of a cognitive and motor skills testing battery.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive battery of cognitive and fine motor skills tests was administered.
- Participants included children aged 7-10 with ADHD-combined subtype (ADHD/C), ADHD-combined subtype with learning disabilities (ADHD/C+LD), and a control group without disabilities.
- Discriminant function analyses were used to evaluate predictive accuracy.
Main Results:
- Children with ADHD/C demonstrated poorer cognitive and motor performance compared to controls.
- Children with ADHD/C+LD exhibited more significant impairments than the ADHD/C group, except in motor skills.
- The testing battery achieved 73.6% accuracy in classifying children with ADHD/C and ADHD/C+LD.
Conclusions:
- ADHD-combined subtype is associated with cognitive and motor skill deficits.
- Comorbid learning disabilities exacerbate these deficits, highlighting the complexity of ADHD.
- The cognitive and motor skills assessment battery shows potential for diagnostic utility in identifying affected children.
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