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Do constructional constraints influence cichlid craniofacial diversification?

C D Hulsey1, M C Mims, J T Streelman

  • 1School of Biology and Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. dh251@mail.gatech.edu

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|May 24, 2007
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Evolutionary trade-offs between eye size and jaw muscles in cichlid fish were investigated. Results show jaw muscles evolved together, and eye size did not constrain jaw muscle evolution, challenging the idea of constructional constraints limiting diversification.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Comparative anatomy
  • Ichthyology

Background:

  • Organismal diversification is influenced by developmental constraints.
  • Evolutionary trade-offs between adjacent structures, such as eye size and jaw muscles, may limit phenotypic change.
  • Cichlid fish in African great lakes exhibit remarkable adaptive radiation, making them ideal models for studying diversification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the evolutionary independence of eye volume and adductor mandibulae (AM) muscle mass in Lake Malawi cichlid fish.
  • To determine if competition for cranial space acts as a constructional constraint limiting the diversification of these traits.
  • To assess the impact of eye size evolution on jaw muscle evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Measured the mass of three major adductor mandibulae (AM) muscles and eye volume in 41 species of Lake Malawi cichlids.
  • Employed traditional and novel phylogenetic comparative methods to control for evolutionary relationships.
  • Analyzed correlations between evolutionary changes in AM muscle mass and eye volume.

Main Results:

  • Evolutionary changes in the three major AM muscles were positively correlated, indicating coordinated evolution among jaw muscles.
  • No negative relationship was found between changes in total AM muscle mass and eye volume.
  • These findings suggest that competition for cranial space has not significantly constrained diversification among these jaw muscles or between jaw muscles and eye size.

Conclusions:

  • Constructional constraints, specifically competition for space, do not appear to limit the diversification of jaw muscles or their relationship with eye size in Lake Malawi cichlids.
  • The findings challenge the hypothesis that evolutionary trade-offs between adjacent structures frequently limit phenotypic change in adaptive radiations.
  • The comparative approach used provides a robust framework for investigating the role of constructional constraints in phenotypic evolution across diverse taxa.