Stereological analysis of the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus. II. Hormone-induced changes in the synaptogenic...

Stereological electron microscopic analysis of the rat hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMN) throughout postnatal development revealed that synaptogenesis takes place up to day 45. Our results disclosed a sexual dimorphism in the synaptic organization of the neuropil of the ventrolateral (VL) subdivision of the VMN. The numerical densities of spine and shaft synapses in the adult male were higher than in the female. A dimorphic pattern in the numerical density of spine synapses occurred as early as day 5, and was present throughout postnatal life, even though in the adult rats both spine and shaft synapses were sexually dimorphic. Neonatal treatment of female rats with testosterone increased the numerical density of axodendritic synapses, inducing a pattern similar to the adult male. On the other hand, administration of tamoxifen to newborn male rats significantly reduced the numerical density of spine synapses to levels comparable to normal female rats.