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Related Concept Videos

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Spare Receptors01:30

Spare Receptors

Some receptors remain unoccupied even when an agonist produces a maximal response. Such empty ones are called spare receptors. In presence of spare receptors the maximum effect of an agonist drug is achieved with fewer than 100% of the receptors being occupied. To determine the presence of spare receptors, scientists often compare the concentration of the drug needed to produce 50% of the maximum effect (EC50) with the concentration of the drug needed to occupy 50% of the receptors (Kd). If the...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Internal Receptors01:31

Internal Receptors

Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.
Internal Receptors01:31

Internal Receptors

Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry
14:29

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry

Published on: October 8, 2012

A FAScinating receptor in self-tolerance.

Madhu Ramaswamy1, Richard M Siegel

  • 1Immunoregulation Unit, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Immunity
|May 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Researchers ablated the Fas death receptor in immune cells, finding that its absence in T cells, B cells, or dendritic cells (DCs) is enough to disrupt self-tolerance, leading to autoimmune responses.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • Self-tolerance is crucial for preventing autoimmune diseases.
  • The Fas receptor plays a role in regulating immune cell survival and apoptosis.
  • Dysregulation of immune cell populations can lead to loss of self-tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the Fas death receptor in maintaining self-tolerance.
  • To determine which immune cell lineages (T cells, B cells, dendritic cells) are critical for Fas-mediated self-tolerance.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic ablation of the Fas death receptor expression in specific immune cell lineages (T cells, B cells, dendritic cells) using knockout models.
  • Analysis of immune cell populations and function in Fas-deficient mice.

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Preparation of Single-Cell Suspension of Mouse Thymic Epithelial Cells and Staining of Intracellular Molecules for Flow Cytometric Analysis
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Preparation of Single-Cell Suspension of Mouse Thymic Epithelial Cells and Staining of Intracellular Molecules for Flow Cytometric Analysis

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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

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16:26

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09:41

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  • Assessment of autoimmune responses and self-tolerance breakdown.

    • Main Results:

    • Fas deficiency in T cells alone was sufficient to break self-tolerance.
    • Fas deficiency in B cells alone was sufficient to break self-tolerance.
    • Fas deficiency in dendritic cells alone was sufficient to break self-tolerance.

    Conclusions:

    • The Fas death receptor is essential for maintaining self-tolerance across multiple immune cell types.
    • Disrupting Fas signaling in T cells, B cells, or dendritic cells can independently lead to the breakdown of self-tolerance.
    • Targeting Fas signaling may offer therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases.