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Related Concept Videos

Stomach pH Regulation01:21

Stomach pH Regulation

The human body carefully regulates the internal pH of different organs to maintain homeostasis. For example, while the blood plasma maintains a neutral pH of 7, the stomach lumen has an acidic pH of 1.5 - 3.5. The low pH of stomach lumen helps kill pathogens in the food and break down complex food molecules.
The acid-secreting gastric mucosal epithelial cells (parietal cells) lining the stomach lumen maintain the low pH in the lumen. Numerous ion transporters and channels on these parietal...
Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such as...
Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota

The human gut microbiome includes a diverse array of microbial species, including beneficial commensals and opportunistic pathogens, which interact to support host health. These microbes contribute to essential functions such as nutrient metabolism, immune system modulation, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. However, disruptions to this equilibrium—referred to as dysbiosis—can have widespread physiological consequences.Dysbiosis is often characterized by reduced microbial...
Regulation of the Digestive System01:25

Regulation of the Digestive System

Digestive activity regulation hinges on three primary components. Activation is prompted by a multitude of mechanical and chemical indicators, primarily detected by receptors within the stomach and intestines' walls. These receptors predominantly respond to factors such as mechanical stretching of the organ walls, changes in pH and osmolarity, and the presence of digesting materials and their by-products.
The effectors in this regulation system are glands and smooth muscles. Activation of these...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Real-time Analysis of Gut-brain Neural Communication: Cortex wide Calcium Dynamics in Response to Intestinal Glucose Stimulation
07:29

Real-time Analysis of Gut-brain Neural Communication: Cortex wide Calcium Dynamics in Response to Intestinal Glucose Stimulation

Published on: December 29, 2023

Evidence for gut factor in K+ homeostasis.

Felix N Lee1, Gisuk Oh, Alicia A McDonough

  • 1Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo St., MMR 626, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9142, USA.

American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology
|May 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Potassium (K+) intake is sensed in the gut, influencing kidney function. A meal enhances the gut

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Renal Physiology
  • Gastrointestinal Physiology

Background:

  • Potassium (K+) homeostasis is critical for cellular function.
  • The mechanisms by which dietary K+ intake is sensed and regulated, particularly by the kidneys, remain incompletely understood.
  • Splanchnic K+ sensors and their role in regulating renal K+ handling are hypothesized but not fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that K+ intake is sensed in splanchnic areas.
  • To investigate if this signal regulates renal K+ handling.
  • To determine the impact of different K+ infusion routes (systemic, intraportal, intragastric) on plasma K+ and renal excretion, with and without feeding.

Main Methods:

  • Overnight-fasted rats underwent K+ infusion via jugular vein, hepatic portal vein, or stomach for 2 hours.

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A Gut-on-a-Chip Model to Study the Gut Microbiome-Nervous System Axis
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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

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Mixed Primary Cultures of Murine Small Intestine Intended for the Study of Gut Hormone Secretion and Live Cell Imaging of Enteroendocrine Cells
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Mixed Primary Cultures of Murine Small Intestine Intended for the Study of Gut Hormone Secretion and Live Cell Imaging of Enteroendocrine Cells

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  • Plasma K+ concentration and renal K+ excretion were measured during pre-infusion, infusion, and washout periods.
  • Experiments were repeated during simultaneous feeding with a K+-deficient diet to assess the influence of meals.

    • Main Results:

    • Systemic K+ infusion elevated plasma [K+] and renal K+ excretion proportionally.
    • Intraportal and intragastric infusions initially showed similar effects to systemic infusion.
    • During feeding, intragastric K+ infusion did not significantly raise plasma [K+], but enhanced K+ clearance and renal excretion efficiency, suggesting a gut-mediated effect.

    Conclusions:

    • K+ intake appears to be sensed in the splanchnic circulation.
    • A meal significantly enhances the kidney's efficiency in excreting K+.
    • These findings suggest a gut factor that improves renal K+ excretion during dietary K+ intake.