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Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

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AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...

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Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Transmesenteric Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty in Trendelenburg Position for Horseshoe Kidney with Hydronephrosis

Transmesenteric Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty in Trendelenburg Position for Horseshoe Kidney with Hydronephrosis

Published on: July 8, 2025

Ureteral expanding stent: a new device for urolithiasis.

James O L'Esperance¹, Thomas Rickner, David Hoenig

¹Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.

Journal of Endourology

|May 26, 2007

Summary

A novel ureteral stent with expanding baskets safely removed ureteral stones in 86% of patients. This device facilitates stone capture and passage, offering a new tool for urologic stone management.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Transmesenteric Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty in Trendelenburg Position for Horseshoe Kidney with Hydronephrosis

Transmesenteric Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty in Trendelenburg Position for Horseshoe Kidney with Hydronephrosis

Published on: July 8, 2025

Area of Science:

Urology
Biomedical Engineering
Medical Device Innovation

Background:

Ureteral stones pose a significant clinical challenge.
Current management strategies for ureteral stones have limitations.
A need exists for innovative devices for stone capture and removal.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate a novel ureteral stent with radially expanding baskets.
To assess the stent's efficacy in passive ureteral dilation for stone passage, capture, and removal.
To evaluate the safety and feasibility of the Ureteral Expanding Stent (OPEN-Pass).

Main Methods:

Polyurethane ureteral stents were modified with 15-17 radially expanding baskets.
The stent design aimed for passive ureteral dilation and capture of stones ≤5 mm.
Forty-two patients with ureteral stones (2-30 mm) were enrolled across nine medical centers.
The Ureteral Expanding Stent was inserted closed and retained for an average of 11 days.

Main Results:

The Ureteral Expanding Stent was safely inserted and extracted in all patients.
86% of patients (36/42) had stones removed with the stent or passed spontaneously.
The largest captured stone measured 6 mm; no significant morbidity was observed.
Pain was reported by most patients (average VAS 3.7/10).

Conclusions:

The Ureteral Expanding Stent (OPEN-Pass) demonstrated safe usage in 42 patients.
The device successfully captured ureteral stones and facilitated their passage.
No instances of stent retention or ureteral injury due to stone entrapment occurred.
The Ureteral Expanding Stent shows promise as a novel tool for stone removal and ureteral dilation.