Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Isolated Vaginal Recurrence of Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinoma.

International journal of gynecological pathology : official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists·2026
Same author

Thalidomide for high-flow arteriovenous malformations: A case report and comprehensive literature review.

Vascular diseases (Paris, France)·2026
Same author

Reply to Cangelosi, G. Comment on "Inácio et al. Nursing Practice Environment in the Armed Forces: Scoping Review. <i>Nurs. Rep.</i> 2025, <i>15</i>, 394".

Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy)·2026
Same author

Enhancing Teamwork and Patient Safety Through TeamSTEPPS<sup>®</sup>: A Scoping Review of Benefits in Academic and Clinical Settings.

Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy)·2026
Same author

Targeting TNBC: core-shell polycationic polyurea dendrimers with inherent anticancer activity.

FEBS open bio·2026
Same author

Fatty acid and cysteine metabolic interplay regulate ferroptosis and highlight xCT as a selenium-chrysin target in breast carcinoma.

The Journal of pathology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

Expression of prolactin receptor and prolactin in normal and malignant thyroid: a tissue microarray study.

Patrícia Costa1, Ana Luísa Catarino, Fernanda Silva

  • 1Centro de Investigação de Patobiologia Molecular, de Lisboa Francisco Gentil E.P.E., Lisboa, Portugal.

Endocrine Pathology
|May 26, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Prolactin receptor (PRLR) is widely expressed in thyroid tissues, including cancers. Prolactin (PRL) expression is scarce, mainly in medullary thyroid carcinomas, suggesting PRLR

More Related Videos

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice
07:02

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice
07:02

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Prolactin (PRL) and its receptor (PRLR) are implicated in various cancers.
  • Understanding PRLR and PRL expression in thyroid cancer is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression of PRLR and PRL in human thyroid tissues.
  • To correlate PRLR and PRL expression with thyroid cancer subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • Tissue microarray (TMA) and immunohistochemical staining were employed.
  • Examined 314 thyroid cancer specimens and 15 normal thyroid samples.

Main Results:

  • PRLR was expressed in 93.3% of normal and 76.1% of thyroid cancer tissues.
  • PRL was detected in only 10% of medullary thyroid carcinomas.
  • PRLR was overexpressed in 70% of medullary thyroid carcinomas and underexpressed in 53.3% of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas.

Conclusions:

  • PRLR is widely expressed in normal and neoplastic thyroid tissues, while PRL expression is limited.
  • Further research is needed to determine the role of altered PRLR expression in thyroid oncogenesis.