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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care01:29

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Splenectomy In Children: A Case Report with Literature Review
05:06

Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Splenectomy In Children: A Case Report with Literature Review

Published on: March 27, 2026

Thromboembolic complications in pediatric hematologic malignancies.

Uma H Athale1, Anthony K C Chan

  • 1Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis
|May 26, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Thromboembolism (TE) is a serious complication in children with cancer, particularly hematologic malignancies. Understanding its epidemiology and risk factors is crucial for effective management and improved patient outcomes.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Splenectomy In Children: A Case Report with Literature Review
05:06

Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Splenectomy In Children: A Case Report with Literature Review

Published on: March 27, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Hematology Oncology
  • Pediatric Thrombosis
  • Cancer Epidemiology

Background:

  • Thromboembolism (TE) is uncommon in children but frequently associated with cancer.
  • Over 40% of pediatric TE cases linked to central venous lines (CVLs) occur in children with cancer.
  • Limited data exists on TE epidemiology in pediatric cancer patients, with most research focused on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology of TE in children with cancer.
  • To identify risk factors and challenges in managing TE in pediatric cancer patients.
  • To highlight the need for further prospective research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and data from the Canadian Pediatric Thrombophilia Registry.
  • Analysis of retrospective and prospective observational cohort studies.
  • Synthesis of information on TE in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and lymphoma.

Main Results:

  • TE is a frequent and serious complication in children with hematologic malignancies.
  • Risk factors include leukemia itself, patient age, CVL use, chemotherapy (asparaginase, corticosteroids), infections, and inherited prothrombotic states.
  • Managing TE in pediatric cancer involves balancing clot extension risks against bleeding complications from cancer treatments.

Conclusions:

  • TE is a significant concern in pediatric hematologic malignancies.
  • Multifactorial risk factors contribute to TE development.
  • Prospective studies are essential to fully understand TE's epidemiology, pathogenesis, and optimal management in this population.