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Related Concept Videos

Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...
Stereotype Content Model02:16

Stereotype Content Model

The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence categorization, a person will feel...
Schemas01:42

Schemas

A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
Concepts and Prototypes01:24

Concepts and Prototypes

The human nervous system handles vast amounts of information by translating sensory stimuli into neural impulses, which the brain processes, creating thoughts expressed through language or stored as memories. The brain also synthesizes information from emotions and memories, which significantly influence thoughts and behaviors. This intricate process creates a comprehensive mental picture.
The brain organizes this information using concepts, which are mental categories grouping linguistic data,...
Prosopagnosia01:24

Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

Degraded semantic knowledge and accurate object use.

Gioia A Negri1, Alberta Lunardelli, Carlo Reverberi

  • 1Cognitive Neuroscience Sector, International School for Advanced Studies, Trieste, Italy.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|May 31, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Semantic dementia and Alzheimer's patients showed preserved object use despite lexical-semantic knowledge loss. This suggests semantic knowledge is not essential for object manipulation, challenging previous assumptions in cognitive neuroscience.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuropsychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Semantic dementia and Alzheimer's disease impact cognitive functions.
  • Object use and semantic knowledge are crucial cognitive abilities.
  • The relationship between semantic knowledge and object use requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess object use and semantic task performance in patients with semantic dementia and atypical Alzheimer's disease.
  • To determine if object use ability degrades with semantic knowledge loss.
  • To explore the dissociation between semantic knowledge and object manipulation.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal assessment of two patients (D.L. and A.M.) over two years (2002-2004).
  • Evaluation of performance on object use tasks.
  • Assessment of performance on semantic tasks to measure lexical-semantic knowledge.

Main Results:

  • Both patients exhibited a selective loss of lexical-semantic knowledge.
  • Object use abilities remained relatively preserved in both patients.
  • Cognitive abilities, including object use, were relatively spared despite semantic deficits.

Conclusions:

  • Semantic knowledge loss does not necessarily impair object use.
  • Object manipulation may rely on cognitive processes independent of lexical-semantic knowledge.
  • Findings challenge the direct dependency of object use on semantic memory in dementia.