Charcot shoulder joint associated with syringomyelia: a case report

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Orthopedics
• Rheumatology

Background:

• Syringomyelia, a condition involving fluid-filled cavities within the spinal cord, can lead to neurological deficits.
• Degenerative spine disease can predispose individuals to secondary complications.
• Cervical syringomyelia may present with progressive upper extremity symptoms.

Observation:

• A 36-year-old male with cervical syringomyelia presented with left upper extremity weakness and sensory loss.
• Clinical examination revealed decreased range of motion, swelling, weakness, and diminished sensation.
• Radiographic findings indicated severe destructive arthropathy, with no evidence of malignancy or infection.

Findings:

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed a patent syringo-peritoneal shunt without syrinx size changes.
• The patient was diagnosed with a Charcot shoulder, a joint destruction secondary to neurological impairment.
• Treatment involved anti-inflammatory medication, passive motion exercises, and a protective sling.

Implications:

• Sensory loss in syringomyelia patients can lead to repetitive trauma and Charcot joint development.
• Prompt assessment, diagnosis, and tailored treatment are vital for managing Charcot joints.
• Patient education on activity modification is essential to prevent or slow joint degeneration.