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Updated: Jul 14, 2026
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State of the Art Cranial Ultrasound Imaging in Neonates
Published on: February 2, 2015
Part 3: examination of the newborn with closed spinal dysraphism.
1Neonotal Nurse Practitioner Service, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin, MC:AB480.04, Houston, TX 77030, USA. mcbrand@texaschildrenshospital.org
Summary
Closed spinal dysraphisms are birth defects affecting neural tube closure. Recognizing skin markers is crucial for early detection and preventing lifelong neurological issues in infants.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Neurology
- Developmental Biology
- Dermatology
Background:
- Spinal dysraphism involves incomplete neural tube closure, presenting as open or closed forms.
- Abnormal spinal development impacts skin development, leading to visible cutaneous markers.
- These markers, though often subtle, can indicate underlying closed spinal dysraphisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review closed spinal dysraphisms.
- To emphasize the identification of cutaneous markers associated with these conditions.
- To highlight the importance of early detection for preventing neurological sequelae.
Main Methods:
- Review of closed spinal dysraphisms.
- Emphasis on identifying various cutaneous markers.
- Discussion of clinical significance and early detection strategies.
Main Results:
- Closed spinal dysraphisms are covered by skin but can have associated cutaneous stigmata.
- Cutaneous markers include subcutaneous masses, abnormal hair, skin dimples, tags, sinuses, or pigmentation changes.
- Many closed spinal dysraphisms are asymptomatic at birth, underscoring the importance of recognizing markers.
Conclusions:
- Early identification of cutaneous markers is vital for diagnosing closed spinal dysraphisms.
- Prompt follow-up can prevent insidious and permanent neurological sequelae.
- This review aids healthcare providers in spinal assessment and early intervention.
