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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

A Novel Feeder-free System for Mass Production of Murine Natural Killer Cells In Vitro
10:36

A Novel Feeder-free System for Mass Production of Murine Natural Killer Cells In Vitro

Published on: January 9, 2018

2B4 inhibits NK-cell fratricide.

Ruth T Taniguchi1, Dustin Guzior, Vinay Kumar

  • 1University of Chicago Department of Pathology, Committee on Immunology, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. rutht@uchicago.edu

Blood
|June 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Natural killer (NK) cells engage in fratricide, killing each other when the 2B4-CD48 interaction is blocked. This NK-NK cell killing relies on perforin and explains defective NK cell function in the absence of 2B4 signaling.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Natural killer (NK) cells express 2B4 (CD244) and its ligand, CD48.
  • The precise functions of 2B4 on NK cells, including its potential roles in activation, costimulation, and inhibition, remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of 2B4-CD48 interactions in regulating NK cell fratricide.
  • To determine if the absence of 2B4 signaling impacts NK cell cytotoxicity and proliferation due to fratricide.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 2B4-deficient, CD48-deficient, and wild-type murine NK cells.
  • Employed blocking antibodies to disrupt 2B4-CD48 interactions.
  • Assessed NK-NK cell killing, perforin dependency, cytotoxicity, and proliferation both in vitro and in vivo.

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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

A Novel Feeder-free System for Mass Production of Murine Natural Killer Cells In Vitro
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11:13

A GPC3-targeting Bispecific Antibody, GPC3-S-Fab, with Potent Cytotoxicity

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Main Results:

  • Activated murine NK cells exhibit fratricide in the absence of 2B4-CD48 interactions.
  • NK-NK cell fratricide is dependent on perforin.
  • Defective NK cell cytotoxicity and proliferation in the absence of 2B4 signaling are attributed to fratricide, not a lack of activation signals.

Conclusions:

  • 2B4 signaling inhibits NK cell fratricide, resolving paradoxes in reported 2B4 functions.
  • Fratricide, rather than a deficiency in activation, underlies the impaired function of NK cells lacking 2B4 signaling.