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Related Concept Videos

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
Characteristics of Fluids01:20

Characteristics of Fluids

When a force is applied parallel to the top surface of a solid, it resists the applied force due to the internal frictional forces between the layers of the solid known as shearing resistance. However, when the force is removed, the shearing forces restore the original shape of the solid. Other deformation forces also cause temporary changes in shape if the forces are not beyond a threshold magnitude. Solids tend to retain their shape, making the study of their rest and motion easier. Beyond...
Characteristics of Fluids01:31

Characteristics of Fluids

Fluids differ from solids primarily in their molecular structure and stress response. Solids have tightly packed molecules with strong intermolecular forces, maintaining their shape and resisting deformation. In contrast, fluids have molecules spaced farther apart with weaker forces, allowing them to flow and deform easily.
Fluids, which include both liquids and gases, are substances that deform continuously under shearing stress. For example, water and oil are liquids with molecules that can...
Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

A Friction Testing-Bioreactor Device for Study of Synovial Joint Biomechanics, Mechanobiology, and Physical Regulation
09:48

A Friction Testing-Bioreactor Device for Study of Synovial Joint Biomechanics, Mechanobiology, and Physical Regulation

Published on: June 2, 2022

Rheological properties of synovial fluids.

H Fam1, J T Bryant, M Kontopoulou

  • 1Human Mobility Research Centre, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada.

Biorheology
|June 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Synovial fluid

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Biophysics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Synovial fluid lubricates joints, absorbs shock, and nourishes articular cartilage.
  • Hyaluronic acid (HA) is crucial for synovial fluid's rheological properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review synovial fluid's rheological properties in relation to its chemical composition.
  • To explore the diagnosis of joint pathology via rheological parameters.
  • To report on periprosthetic fluid composition and rheology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on rheology and chemical composition of synovial fluid.
  • Analysis of hyaluronic acid structure and rheology.
  • Examination of pathological changes in synovial fluid viscoelasticity.

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Synovial Fluid Analysis to Identify Osteoarthritis
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Synovial Fluid Analysis to Identify Osteoarthritis

Published on: October 20, 2022

A Pre-Clinical Model of Synovitis Using Ex vivo Human Synovial Tissue with Preserved Function and Architecture
08:32

A Pre-Clinical Model of Synovitis Using Ex vivo Human Synovial Tissue with Preserved Function and Architecture

Published on: March 20, 2026

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

A Friction Testing-Bioreactor Device for Study of Synovial Joint Biomechanics, Mechanobiology, and Physical Regulation
09:48

A Friction Testing-Bioreactor Device for Study of Synovial Joint Biomechanics, Mechanobiology, and Physical Regulation

Published on: June 2, 2022

Synovial Fluid Analysis to Identify Osteoarthritis
07:51

Synovial Fluid Analysis to Identify Osteoarthritis

Published on: October 20, 2022

A Pre-Clinical Model of Synovitis Using Ex vivo Human Synovial Tissue with Preserved Function and Architecture
08:32

A Pre-Clinical Model of Synovitis Using Ex vivo Human Synovial Tissue with Preserved Function and Architecture

Published on: March 20, 2026

Main Results:

  • Synovial fluid rheology is strongly linked to hyaluronic acid concentration and molecular weight.
  • Pathological conditions lead to a deterioration of viscoelastic properties.
  • Periprosthetic fluid exhibits distinct composition and rheological characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • Rheological analysis of synovial fluid offers insights into joint health and pathology.
  • Understanding HA's role is key to comprehending synovial fluid function.
  • Periprosthetic fluid rheology warrants further investigation.