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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Isolation of Leukocytes from Human Breast Milk for Use in an Antibody-dependent Cellular Phagocytosis Assay of HIV Targets
Published on: September 6, 2019
Late postnatal transmission of HIV-1 and associated factors
Taha E Taha1, Donald R Hoover, Newton I Kumwenda
1Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. ttaha@jhsph.edu
Background:
The present study was undertaken to determine the risk and timing of late postnatal transmission (LPT) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).
Methods:
Breast-fed infants previously enrolled in 2 trials of antiretroviral prophylaxis were monitored in Malawi. Kaplan-Meier and proportional hazard models assessed cumulative incidence and association of factors with LPT.
Results:
Overall, 98 infants were HIV infected, and 1158 were uninfected. The cumulative risk of LPT at age 24 months was 9.68% (95% confidence interval, 7.80%-11.56%). The interval hazards at 1.5-6, 6-12, 12-18, and 18-24 months were 1.22%, 4.05%, 3.48%, and 1.27%, respectively.
Conclusions:
The risk of LPT beyond 6 months is substantial. Weaning at 6 months could prevent >85% of LPT.
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