Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 14, 2026
03:49
Enhanced Cochlear Coverage and Hearing Preservation in High-Frequency Hearing Loss via Electric Acoustic Stimulation with Longer Electrode
Published on: October 11, 2024
Hard-to-reach populations in Japan
Yuka Nomura1, Krishna C Poudel, Masamine Jimba
1Department of International Community Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Summary
Most studies on hard-to-reach populations in Japan use facility-based convenience sampling. Researchers recommend advanced methods like time-location or respondent-driven sampling for better insights.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Social Sciences
Background:
- Hard-to-reach populations (e.g., men who have sex with men, homeless, sex workers, undocumented migrants, injecting drug users) present unique research challenges.
- Understanding sampling trends is crucial for improving data collection and health interventions for these vulnerable groups.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze sampling locations and methods used in studies of hard-to-reach populations in Japan.
- To identify trends in research practices from 1983 to September 2005.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive search of a Japanese medical database was conducted.
- 298 articles on hard-to-reach populations were reviewed and categorized by sampling location and method.
- Studies focused on five key hard-to-reach groups were analyzed.
Main Results:
- The vast majority (92%) of the 285 sampled studies were facility-based, primarily conducted in medical settings.
- Convenience sampling was the predominant method across all studied hard-to-reach populations.
- This facility-based, convenience sampling trend was consistent across all subgroups analyzed.
Conclusions:
- Current sampling strategies in Japan for hard-to-reach populations are heavily reliant on facility-based convenience methods.
- These methods may limit the representativeness and generalizability of findings.
- The study recommends adopting more robust sampling techniques, such as time-location or respondent-driven sampling, to enhance understanding of these populations.
Related Concept Videos
01:21Barriers to Effective Communication II
The barriers to effective communication also include cultural barriers, semantic barriers, gender barriers, and time constraints.
Cultural barriers:
Differences in values, beliefs, religion, knowledge, and tradition can significantly impact communication. Awareness of nonverbal cues is critical, especially when conversing with a patient from a different culture. What appears appropriate in one culture may be inappropriate in another.
Semantic barriers:
As a result of their tendency to use...
Cultural barriers:
Differences in values, beliefs, religion, knowledge, and tradition can significantly impact communication. Awareness of nonverbal cues is critical, especially when conversing with a patient from a different culture. What appears appropriate in one culture may be inappropriate in another.
Semantic barriers:
As a result of their tendency to use...
01:26Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System
At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
01:21Health Literacy
Health literacy is an individual's or a community's capacity to comprehend, receive, read, and use relevant healthcare information and services. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2018) defines health literacy as the cognitive and social skills that determine the ability of individuals to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health. As a result, the WHO helps individuals manage long-term health concerns, participate in preventative programs,...
00:55Convenience Sampling Method
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population.
Convenience sampling is a non-random method of sample selection; this method selects individuals that are easily accessible and may result in biased data. For example, a marketing...
Convenience sampling is a non-random method of sample selection; this method selects individuals that are easily accessible and may result in biased data. For example, a marketing...
00:57Population Growth
Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with unlimited resources, populations can increase exponentially, which plots as a J-shaped growth rate curve of population size against time. This type of curve is characteristic of newly-introduced invasive species, or populations that have suffered catastrophic declines and are rebounding.However, realistic environmental conditions limit the number of...
01:12Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data
Analysis of population pharmacokinetic data involves studying the behavior of drugs within diverse populations to understand their pharmacokinetic parameters. Traditional pharmacokinetic methods typically involve collecting samples from a few individuals and estimating these parameters. While these methods are commonly used, they have limitations in capturing the variability in drug response among individuals or heterogeneous populations. Population pharmacokinetics is employed to address these...