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Alcohol violations and aviation accidents: findings from the U.S. mandatory alcohol testing program
Guohua Li1, Susan P Baker, Yandong Qiang
1Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5801 Smith Avenue, Davis Building, Suite 3220, Baltimore, MD 21209, USA. ghli@jhmi.edu
Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
|June 2, 2007
Summary
Alcohol violations in the U.S. aviation industry are rare, with a prevalence of 0.09%. These violations play a negligible role in aviation accidents, indicating a safe industry.
Area of Science:
- Aviation Safety
- Occupational Health
- Toxicology
Background:
- Mandatory alcohol testing in the U.S. aviation industry began in 1995.
- This study examines alcohol violations and their link to aviation accidents among safety-sensitive employees.
Purpose of the Study:
- To document the prevalence of alcohol violations in the U.S. aviation industry.
- To assess the association between alcohol violations and aviation accidents.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of random and post-accident alcohol testing data from major airlines (1995-2002).
- Definition of a violation: alcohol level ≥ 0.04% or refusal to test.
- Estimation of relative and attributable risks using a case-control method.
Main Results:
- A total of 440 violations were recorded, with an overall prevalence of 0.09% (0.03% for flight crews).
- Alcohol violations showed a non-statistically significant increased risk of accident involvement (OR 2.56).
- Alcohol violations were attributed to 0.13% of aviation accidents.
Conclusions:
- Alcohol violations among U.S. major airline employees in safety-sensitive roles are infrequent.
- Alcohol violations have a negligible impact on the overall occurrence of aviation accidents.
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