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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
Oral Cavity01:11

Oral Cavity

The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
Teeth: The teeth are the hardest structures in our bodies. Humans have two sets of teeth throughout their lifetime: deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth. Each tooth consists of several parts: the crown (visible part), the root (embedded in the jaw), enamel (hard outer...
Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

Other Disorders of Digestive System

The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
Taste Buds and Receptors01:20

Taste Buds and Receptors

Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients
05:26

Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients

Published on: March 1, 2024

[Burning mouth syndrome].

R Schatton1, H Riechelmann

  • 1Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinik Ulm. robert.schatton@uniklinik-ulm.de

Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie
|June 2, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS), a condition causing oral burning and taste disturbances, affects 1-2% of people, particularly postmenopausal women. Thioctic acid shows promise as a treatment, while other medications like gabapentin and clonazepam require further research for BMS efficacy.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Oral Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Context:

  • Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) presents as oral burning, dry mouth (xerostomia), and taste alterations (dysgeusia) without visible mucosal changes.
  • BMS is categorized into secondary (linked to conditions like diabetes) and primary (idiopathic) forms.
  • Prevalence is 1-2%, with a significantly higher incidence in postmenopausal women.

Purpose:

  • To review current etiologic concepts and treatment options for Burning mouth syndrome.
  • To evaluate the evidence for pharmacological interventions in managing BMS.
  • To identify the most promising therapeutic agents based on controlled studies.

Summary:

  • Current understanding suggests BMS involves peripheral and central neuropathy.

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  • Thioctic acid is identified as a potential first-line treatment due to demonstrated efficacy and safety.
  • Gabapentin, pregabalin, and clonazepam show potential but require more robust clinical evidence for BMS treatment, while antidepressant efficacy remains uncertain.

    • Impact:

    • Provides a concise overview of BMS pathophysiology and treatment landscape.
    • Highlights thioctic acid as a leading therapeutic option for BMS.
    • Identifies knowledge gaps and areas for future research in BMS pharmacotherapy.