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Related Experiment Videos

Gastrointestinal problems at high altitude.

A C Anand1, V K Sashindran, Latika Mohan

  • 1Dept of Internal Medicine Armed Forces Medical College, Pune.

Tropical Gastroenterology : Official Journal of the Digestive Diseases Foundation
|June 5, 2007
PubMed
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Gastrointestinal issues are common at high altitudes, affecting visitors and residents differently. Symptoms range from nausea and anorexia to more severe conditions like peptic ulcers and gastric cancer, influenced by altitude, diet, and hygiene.

Area of Science:

  • High-altitude medicine
  • Gastroenterology
  • Environmental health

Background:

  • Gastrointestinal (GI) problems are frequently observed in individuals residing at or visiting high altitudes.
  • The presentation and prevalence of GI disorders vary significantly among short-term visitors, long-term residents, and native highlanders.
  • Dietary habits and cultural norms also contribute to GI dysfunction in high-altitude populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize the common gastrointestinal problems encountered at high altitudes.
  • To highlight the differences in GI manifestations based on duration of stay, residency status, and ethnic background.
  • To discuss the potential causes and epidemiological data for various GI conditions at high altitudes.

Main Methods:

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  • Literature review and synthesis of existing epidemiological data and clinical observations.
  • Analysis of reported symptoms, disease prevalence, and risk factors associated with high-altitude living.
  • Compilation of information on both upper and lower gastrointestinal disorders, as well as systemic conditions influenced by altitude.

    • Main Results:

    • Acute mountain sickness (AMS) commonly presents with nausea and vomiting (81.4% in short-term visitors).
    • Anorexia is nearly universal, linked to hormonal changes and hypoxia.
    • Higher incidences of peptic ulceration, upper GI hemorrhage, and gastric carcinoma are reported in native highlanders from regions like the Peruvian Andes and Ladakh.
    • Lower GI issues such as megacolon and sigmoid volvulus are prevalent, with sigmoid volvulus causing a significant proportion of intestinal obstructions in Bolivia.
    • Other reported conditions include portosystemic vascular thrombosis, splenic hematomas, malnutrition, fat malabsorption at extreme altitudes, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and gallstone disease.

    Conclusions:

    • High altitude presents a unique environment that significantly impacts gastrointestinal health across diverse populations.
    • The etiology of GI disorders at high altitude is multifactorial, involving hypoxia, hormonal influences, dietary factors, hygiene, and potentially genetic predispositions.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms and correlations, such as the link between H. pylori seroprevalence and upper GI diseases in Ladakh.