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Related Concept Videos

Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become anucleated and die, but their...
Cellular Injury IV: Necrosis01:16

Cellular Injury IV: Necrosis

Necrosis is a form of irreversible cell death caused by severe injury such as ischemia, toxins, or trauma. Unlike programmed cell death, it is an uncontrolled, pathological process that typically provokes inflammation in surrounding tissues.Pathophysiologic ChangesNecrosis begins when cells sustain critical damage, leading to swelling of organelles, particularly mitochondria, and rapid ATP depletion. As energy levels decline, membrane ion pumps fail, leading to calcium influx and eventually,...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
American Trypanosomiasis01:22

American Trypanosomiasis

Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...

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Related Experiment Videos

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma.

Jesús Fernández-Herrera1, Javier Pedraz

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain. jesusfh@aedv.es

Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery
|June 5, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG) is a rare granulomatous disease affecting skin and other tissues, often presenting as periorbital plaques. While prognosis is good, treatment options offer variable results for this condition.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pathology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG) is a rare, chronic granulomatous condition.
  • It characteristically affects the skin, particularly the periorbital area, presenting as indurated, yellow-brown plaques or nodules.
  • NXG can involve extracutaneous tissues and is frequently associated with paraproteinemia and hematologic disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma.
  • To detail its clinical presentation, histopathology, and associated conditions.
  • To review current treatment strategies and their efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma cases.
  • Analysis of clinical, histopathological, and treatment data.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Synthesis of information on disease characteristics and management.

    • Main Results:

    • NXG presents with characteristic skin lesions, often bilateral and symmetric, with a tendency for atrophy and ulceration.
    • Histopathology reveals degenerated collagen, granulomatous inflammation, giant cells, cholesterol clefts, and lymphoid follicles.
    • Associated conditions include monoclonal gammopathy and lymphoproliferative disorders; ophthalmologic complications are common.

    Conclusions:

    • Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma has a generally good prognosis but lacks a definitive cure.
    • Treatment approaches are varied, including chemotherapy (alkylating agents), corticosteroids, interferon alpha, plasmapheresis, surgery, and radiation, yielding variable outcomes.
    • Multidisciplinary management is often required due to potential systemic involvement.