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Muscles that Move the Arm

Muscles that Move the Arm

Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

A Novel Arthroscopic Medial Knot-Tying Suture-Bridge Repair with Rip-Stop Technique for Rotator Cuff Tears

A Novel Arthroscopic Medial Knot-Tying Suture-Bridge Repair with Rip-Stop Technique for Rotator Cuff Tears

Published on: January 13, 2026

Training resources in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Mark A Vitale¹, Conor P Kleweno, Alberto M Jacir

¹New York Orthopaedic Hospital, 622 West 168th Street, PH 1132, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA. mav2002@columbia.edu

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume

|June 5, 2007

Summary

Orthopaedic surgeons performing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair value sports medicine fellowships and hands-on training most. Residency and online resources were rated as less important for developing this surgical skill.

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Knotless Independent Double-Row Repair and Biceps Augmentation for Anterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears

Published on: January 23, 2026

Area of Science:

Orthopaedic Surgery
Arthroscopic Techniques
Surgical Training

Background:

All-arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is increasingly common due to advancements in surgical technology.
Evaluating the effectiveness of different surgeon training methods is crucial for procedure adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the perceived importance of various training resources for orthopaedic surgeons performing all-arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Main Methods:

A survey was distributed to 2455 orthopaedic surgeons specializing in shoulder, arthroscopic, or sports medicine.
Respondents used a 5-point Likert scale to rank the importance of training resources like fellowships, courses, and practice models.

Main Results:

A 43.8% response rate was achieved. Surgeons with fellowships were more likely to perform all-arthroscopic repairs.
Sports medicine fellowships (3.49), hands-on courses (3.33), and cadaveric practice (3.22) received the highest importance ratings.
Residency training (2.02), artificial models (2.13), and internet resources (2.25) were rated lowest.

Conclusions:

Training in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair can be optimized by emphasizing fellowships and practical, hands-on instruction.
Findings can guide curriculum development for surgical education in this field.