Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Oxygen scavenging enables microoxic survival of the marine anammox bacterium Scalindua sp.

The ISME journal·2026
Same author

Horizontal and vertical gene transfer shape the plasmid host range in surface-associated microbial systems.

iScience·2026
Same author

Oxygen isotope fractionation during anaerobic ammonium oxidation by the marine representative Candidatus Scalindua sp.

The ISME journal·2025
Same author

Microbial Community Structure of Mesophilic and Low-temperature Partial Nitrification-anammox Reactors: Distribution and Functional Roles of the Core Microbiome.

Microbes and environments·2025
Same author

Quantitative association of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and clinically confirmed cases in different areas of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Village.

The Science of the total environment·2025
Same author

Interspecific competition and adaptation of anammox bacteria at different salinities: Experimental validation of the Monod growth model with salinity inhibition.

Water research·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation
17:28

Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation

Published on: June 17, 2015

Classification of heavy-metal toxicity by human DNA microarray analysis.

Koji Kawata1, Hiroyuki Yokoo, Ryuhei Shimazaki

  • 1Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.

Environmental Science & Technology
|June 6, 2007
PubMed
Summary

DNA microarrays help classify environmental toxicants by analyzing gene expression. Heavy metals like arsenic and cadmium show toxicity linked to reactive oxygen species and cell proliferation.

More Related Videos

High Content Screening Analysis to Evaluate the Toxicological Effects of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents (HPHC)
11:38

High Content Screening Analysis to Evaluate the Toxicological Effects of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents (HPHC)

Published on: May 10, 2016

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability
09:23

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability

Published on: June 21, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation
17:28

Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation

Published on: June 17, 2015

High Content Screening Analysis to Evaluate the Toxicological Effects of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents (HPHC)
11:38

High Content Screening Analysis to Evaluate the Toxicological Effects of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents (HPHC)

Published on: May 10, 2016

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability
09:23

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability

Published on: June 21, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Environmental toxicology
  • Molecular biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Microarray technology offers a method for classifying environmental toxicants and understanding toxicity mechanisms.
  • Gene expression profiling can identify genetic markers for toxicant-specific effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the toxicities of six heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, nickel, antimony, mercury, chromium).
  • To compare heavy metal toxicities with gene expression patterns induced by known chemicals using DNA microarrays.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized DNA microarray to identify genes altered in HepG2 cells exposed to model chemicals: 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (DMNQ), phenol, and N-nitrosodimethylamine (DMN).
  • Evaluated heavy metal toxicities based on the gene expression profiles derived from model chemical exposures.
  • Employed hierarchical clustering to analyze specific gene alterations.

Main Results:

  • Gene expression profiles revealed that the biological actions of the six heavy metals were closely related to DMNQ.
  • DMNQ is a known reactive oxygen species (ROS) generator and induced genes associated with cell proliferation.
  • High-dose heavy metals' primary apparent biological action appears to be cell proliferative responses, likely mediated by ROS.

Conclusions:

  • DNA microarray analysis provides an efficient, mechanism-based approach for evaluating the toxicities of environmental samples.
  • Cell proliferative responses, potentially induced by ROS, are a significant effect of high-dose heavy metal exposure.
  • Microarray-based gene expression analysis is a valuable tool for toxicological assessments.