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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Vascularized Composite Hand Allograft Procurement and Preparation for Distal and Proximal Forearm Allotransplantation: A Stepwise Approach
Published on: May 23, 2025
Malunions and nonunions of the forearm
Marc J Richard1, David S Ruch, J Mack Aldridge
1Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Abstract:
Modern techniques allow for high rates of union in the treatment of diaphyseal forearm fractures. In the case of nonunion, addressing the biology and stability of the fracture will similarly yield high union rates, but slightly decreased functional outcomes. Malunion of forearm fractures typically results in loss of range of motion and grip strength. Restoration of the anatomical relationships of the forearm yields functional results. Understanding and recreating the anatomy of the forearm is the key to obtaining good functional outcomes.
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