Stimulants
Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II
Cognitive Dissonance
Drug Regulation
Ethical Issues
Ethical Dilemmas II
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Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System
Published on: May 24, 2017
K Michael Cummings1, Anthony Brown, Richard O'Connor
1Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA. Michael.cummings@roswellpark.org
Tobacco companies knew about smoking's health risks by the 1950s and funded research to mislead the public. Despite acknowledging risks, their business practices remain unchanged, necessitating continued public education and oversight.
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