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Intrinsic dephasing in one-dimensional ultracold atom interferometers.

R Bistritzer1, E Altman

  • 1Department of Condensed Matter Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. rafi.bistritzer@weizmann.ac.il

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|June 6, 2007
PubMed
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Quantum fluctuations destroy the imposed macroscopic phase in 1D condensates. This dephasing causes exponential decay, a bulk effect independent of confinement, crucial for understanding quantum systems.

Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Ultracold atoms

Background:

  • Quantum-phase fluctuations inhibit long-range order in 1D condensates.
  • Dynamically splitting condensates creates a macroscopic relative phase for interferometry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the dephasing mechanism of a nonequilibrium macroscopic relative phase.
  • Characterize the decay of phase coherence in interacting 1D condensates.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of quantum-phase fluctuations.
  • Modeling dephasing in a two-tube 1D condensate system.

Main Results:

  • Quantum-phase fluctuations destroy the imposed macroscopic relative phase.
  • Phase coherence decays exponentially with a dephasing time dependent on interaction strength, sound velocity, and density.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Temperature dependence is significant only above a crossover scale T*.

    • Conclusions:

    • Dephasing is a bulk effect driven by quantum fluctuations, surviving the thermodynamic limit.
    • This mechanism contrasts with confinement-induced phase diffusion.
    • Understanding this dephasing is key for quantum interferometry with 1D condensates.