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We found that nonequilibrium conditions and anisotropy stabilize ordered phases by strengthening vortex binding forces in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation. This reveals new critical behavior in vortex unbinding relevant to quantum systems and time crystals.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nonlinear Dynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation describes the dynamics of interfaces and is relevant to various physical phenomena.
  • Vortices play a crucial role in phase transitions and the stability of ordered phases in many systems.
  • Understanding vortex dynamics and unbinding is key to characterizing phase transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics and unbinding transition of vortices in the compact anisotropic KPZ equation.
  • To explore how nonequilibrium conditions and strong spatial anisotropy influence vortex behavior and phase stability.
  • To identify novel critical phenomena in the vortex-unbinding crossover.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of the compact anisotropic KPZ equation.
  • Analysis of vortex structure and interactions under nonequilibrium conditions.
  • Investigation of finite-size effects on the vortex-unbinding crossover.

Main Results:

  • Strong spatial anisotropy and nonequilibrium conditions significantly alter vortex structure.
  • Mutual binding forces between vortices are amplified, leading to stabilization of the ordered phase.
  • Novel universal critical behavior was observed in the vortex-unbinding crossover for finite-size systems.

Conclusions:

  • Nonlinearity and anisotropy are critical factors in stabilizing ordered phases through vortex binding.
  • The study reveals new insights into vortex dynamics relevant to diverse physical systems.
  • Findings have implications for understanding strongly coupled light-matter quantum systems and dissipative time crystals.