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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
Published on: May 26, 2020
Lower extremity injuries in the skeletally immature athlete
Joshua B Frank1, Gregg J Jarit, Jonathan T Bravman
1Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic, Los Angeles, CA, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU-Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY 10003, USA.
Abstract:
The heightened intensity of training and competition among young athletes places them at increased risk for both acute and chronic injuries. Prompt recognition and treatment of such injuries are critical to prevent long-term functional disability and deformity. These injuries occur in patterns unique to the skeletally immature athlete, given their developing epiphyses and ossification centers and supporting ligamentous structures. Children and adolescents who participate in recreational and organized sports are particularly susceptible to a broad spectrum of lower extremity injuries involving both the osseous and soft-tissue structures. Fundamental knowledge of the pathophysiology of injury helps the clinician in determining management. Early recognition of acute traumatic injuries, along with preventive regimens and knowledge of both nonsurgical and surgical treatment protocols, has helped to restore and maintain normal lower extremity function in the skeletally immature athlete.
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