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Recognition, treatment, and prevention of propylene glycol toxicity
Tausif Zar1, Charles Graeber, Mark A Perazella
1Sections of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA. zarjr73@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Propylene glycol is a commonly used solvent for oral, intravenous, and topical pharmaceutical preparations. Although it is considered safe, large intravenous doses given over a short period of time can be toxic. Underlying renal insufficiency and hepatic dysfunction raise risk for toxicity. Toxic effects include hyperosmolality, increased anion gap metabolic acidosis (due to lactic acidosis), acute kidney injury, and sepsis-like syndrome. Treatment of toxicity includes hemodialysis to effectively remove propylene glycol. Prevention is best achieved by limiting the dose of propylene glycol infused.
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