Cancer therapy and the kidney

The rapid evolution of anticancer therapies has significantly improved outcomes for patients with malignant tumor. However, these advances have also been accompanied by a rise in nephrotoxicity associated with anticancer therapies. Acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, proteinuria, and electrolyte disorders are increasingly recognized complications associated with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, targeted agents, and immunotherapies. These kidney toxicities not only affect patient quality of life but may also compromise cancer treatment by necessitating dose reductions or discontinuation. This comprehensive review outlines the spectrum of kidney-related complications linked to modern cancer therapies, elucidates the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and highlights current approaches for evaluating kidney function and mitigating risk. A multidisciplinary collaboration between oncologists and nephrologists is essential to optimize both oncologic and kidney outcomes for this vulnerable patient population. This mini review highlights recent advances in onconephrology and updates on nephrotoxicities associated with emerging anticancer therapies.