Anemia and cardio-renal syndrome: a deadly association?

Despite growing recognition of the frequent presentation of cardio-renal syndrome, its underlying pathophysiology is not well understood, and no consensus as to its appropriate management has been achieved. On the other hand, there is growing evidence that the presence of anemia can worsen cardiac function and symtomps in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and that correction of anemia may beneficial. We believe that the treatment modalities, especially eryhtropoietin, to correct anemia will be an important part of our therapeutic armemanterium in the battle against CHF.